5G refers to the 5th Generation of mobile
phone networks. Since the introduction of the first mobile phone network in
1982, succeeding three generations /standards (2G, 3G and 4G) have been adopted
progressively say every 10 years. As per the latest technical survey, the
deployment of 5G mobile phone networks though started in 2018 will take real
momentum in 2020 onwards. It will replace existing 4G networks but in a phased
manner. The entire world is eagerly waiting for 5G arrival as it will provide
wider network coverage for IoT devices, intelligent devices and equipment
located anywhere, navigation of autonomous mobile vehicles, boats and ships,
and a much faster data transfer. These 5G deployments will provide very high
speeds with millimetre
wave capability. The spectrum in use for 4G communication is below 4GHz,
frequencies and hence there is a shortage of free band of frequencies for
further expansion of 4G operations. As such, 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) a
global consortium of telecom groups, controlling frequency spectrum has allowed
5G implementation using frequencies extending up to 60GHz. As per
Verizon, 5G can give the users an ability to do a lot more and make things
better/ efficient for everyone whether at home, in transit or at the
workplace. Verizon and Intel are promising better and more efficient
service with 5G to cater to the needs of mobile cell phone users, the business
community, homes, labs, manufacturing/processing plants, autonomous vehicles
and users of VR/AR. This has opened up new opportunities for developing new
communication and computing hardware, accessories and software, leading to new
jobs but needing newer technical skill sets.
What is 5G? As in the past, we had 2G, followed by
2.5G, 3G and 4G, as broadcast transmission protocols, 5G is the
newer protocol approved by 3GPP. It will mitigate frequency congestion in the
Ultra-High Frequency (UHF) band. 5G will transmit information at an
Extremely High Frequency (EHF) or "millimetre wave," in
the range of 60 GHz. 5G will allow better connectivity and more
efficiency than available through current 4G networks. It will provide an
exchange of a high volume of data among IoT devices, mobile vehicles
/boats/ships, traffic lights and many other intelligent devices located in
office/home or anywhere. Indeed, existing 4G is a faster and easy
way to connect to the internet while 5G is a different way to
implement network and provide faster response times from the internet to the
mobile endpoints which could be a smartphone, a robot, an autonomous
car, VR device, or any IoT device.
Evolution of 5
G Technology. Although 5G mobile data networks became available for the
first time in 2019, they were mostly still expensive and limited to functioning
in confined areas or major cities. However, from the year
2020 onward, 5G is likely to start with a bang by
supporting affordable data plans better coverage, meaning that
everyone Super-fast data. The greatly increased speeds mean that mobile
networks will become more usable even than the wired networks running into our
homes and businesses. The first generation of the mobile phone network was
established in 1982. In subsequent years, a lot of advancement
took place where new standards have been adopted by commination equipment
manufacturers and mobile commination service providers. A brief history of 5 G
is given in chronological order in succeeding paragraphs.
·
1st Generation. ( 1G) , It had
only Analog voice capability with limited coverage area.
·
2nd Generation (2G). It had Digital voice, Data capability and Text
messaging ( SMS) facility. This wireless network was based on GSM, and first
deployed in 1992, 2G was simple and convenient technology to
cover large area through a large number of microwave towers ( Hilltop or
Rooftop ). It had big size antenna dish.
·
3rd Generation (3G) With
wide demand of mobile communication facilities and improvement in computing
devises and availability of Android like OS, 3G deployment started in 2001. 3G
had both GSM technology as well as CDMA ( Code Division Multiple Access)
technologies.
·
4th Generation
( 4G). The development of
4G during early 2000 was a great leap forward for mobile technology as it
provided data rate 500 times faster than data rate in 3G. With demand for multimedia
and faster transfer data, 4G deployment by service providers started in
2010. The first 4G phones in the US appeared in 2010, followed closely by
a host of 4G applications - from Uber to WhatsApp. 4G was based on LTE
(Long Term Evolution) technology which allowed support for HD TV on
mobile, high–quality video calls, and fast mobile browsing. This also acted as
a trigger to the evolution of smartphones and tablets. 4G is now common
throughout the world, but it cannot handle a huge number of connections, very
fast data rate and huge data volume, required in the emerging
environment of Internet of Things ( IoT). It is expected that
there will be more than 20 billion interconnected devices by the end
of 2020.
·
5th Generation
( 5G). 5G wireless is a completely separate technology. 5G is
more efficient in handling thousands of devices simultaneously, allowing a
single network to service mobile telephones, equipment sensors, video cameras,
smart street lights and without the congestion or breakdown of services. 5 G
uses UHF radio bands in the range of 60 GHz
and therefore has a much larger capacity. Currently, the fastest 4G mobile
networks offer around 45Mbps speeds, while 5 G promises data
transfer speed 1Gbps (Gigabit per second =
1,000Mbps). According to chipmaker Qualcomm, 5G could achieve browsing and
download speeds about 10 to 20 times faster than current 4G
technologies. While China and South Korea have started 5G deployment
in 2019, most countries are bit concerned about extra cost in infrastructure
and cost of new phones and they won't launch true 5G services before 2021.
5G Data Transfer Rate. 5G is going to provide us download
and upload of data at super-fast speeds and at most stable connections. 5G will
give us the ability to stream movies and music at the higher quality when we’re
on the move. Tele
Communication companies like Verizon are promising an extremely high-speed data
transfer through 5G networks. While theoretical data transfer speed with 4 G
peaks up to 100 Megabits per second (Mbps), 5G is
expected to peak up to 10 Gigabits per second (Gbps). It means 5G will
be a hundred times faster than the current 4G technology.
5G Transmitter towers. Modern cell towers transmit 4G LTE
signals as per Radio Line of Sight (RLOS) which could be 25Kms to
40Kms or more depending upon Antenna height and FFZ clearance.
However, 5G requires a larger concentration of many smaller transmitters as
compared to 4G to cover the same relative area. 5G transmitter is very
small can be located on utility poles, street lamps posts, and rooftops
antennas in urban areas.
LTE. It stands for Long
Term Evolution and is a 4G communication standard developed by
the 3GPP. LTE can provide up to 10 times the speeds of 3G networks
for mobile devices such as smartphones, tablets, netbooks, notebooks
and wireless hotspots.
5G Multiple Accessing Schemes. Following three
multiple access schemes are being considered for 5G.
·
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA).
OFDMA has been widely used and very successful for 4G and could be used as a 5G
multiple access scheme.
·
Sparse Code Multiple Access (SCMA). SCMA
is a combination of OFDMA and CDMA and being
considered as a 5G multiple access scheme. In this scheme a
large numbers of users can be added while maintaining the spectral
efficiency levels.
5G Modulation Schemes.
3G and 4G have used
modulation schemes including PSK and QAM. These schemes provide excellently
spectral efficiency and have enabled the very high data rates to be carried but
fall short in terms of their Peak to Average Power Ratio ( PAPR). To overcome
the PAPR issue, one option being considered for 5G modulation scheme is APSK or
Amplitude Phase Shift Keying. However, in view of the fact that amplitude
components of a signal are more subject to noise. it is likely that any overall
5G modulation scheme will be adaptive, enabling the system to switch to the
most optimum form of modulation for the given situation
The modulation schemes used for 5G will have a major impact on
5G performance. The potential applications for 5G including high-speed
video downloads, gaming, car-to-car / car-to-infrastructure communications,
general cellular communications, IoT intercommunication requires
waveform modulation scheme that can provide the required
performance. Some of the key requirements that need to be supported by the
modulation scheme and overall waveform include:
·
Capable of handling high data rate wide bandwidth signals
·
Able to provide low latency transmissions for long and short
data bursts.
·
Capable of fast switching between uplink and downlink
·
Provide energy efficient communications by minimizing
the on-times for low data rate devices.
5G Multiplexing schemes. Some commonly
used multiplexing schemes are very briefly given below:
· Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM). FDM
is a good old analogue multiplexing scheme
which is applied when the bandwidth of the link is greater than the combined the bandwidth of the signals to be transmitted.
·
Time-Division
Multiplexing (TDM).
TDM scheme is used to transmit a signal over a single communication
channel by dividing the time frame into smaller slots/slices. TDM is mainly applied to digital
signals where each message signal is allotted one
slot.
· Wavelength Division
Multiplexing (WDM). This is a technology for Fiber Optic
Communications, which has a high communication capacity.
· Orthogonal
Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). OFDM has been in use and proven efficient
scheme in 4G System. It operates well in situations where there is selective
fading. It could be one of the choices for 5G deployment.
Leading 5G Vendors.
The new 5G communications standards promise huge improvements in speed,
efficiency, latency, reliability and capacity to support the plethora of smart
devices, equipment, machinery, vehicles, household appliances
and IoT. Huawei, the Chinese tech giant is one of the
world's largest makers of 5G base stations and transmitters in the
world. Many countries in Europe, Asia and Canada are collaborating with them to
accelerate their implantation of 5G. However, its products may not
be available to American consumers because of sanctions placed on the company
by the U.S. government. Some other 5G leading vendors are
Verizon, Ericsson, Hewlett-Packard Enterprise
(HPE), Intel, Nokia, and Qualcomm. There are still more
such 5G players in Japan, Germany, China, Russia, South Korea,
Europe and Israel who are actively participating in the implementation of
5G. Other fast-developing nations like India, Brazil, South Africa are gearing
up to import 5G technologies from China or the USA but go little
slower in its implementation. The views of some of the leading
vendors are briefly given in succeeding paragraphs.
China: the
world’s largest 5G network was launched on Oct 31, 2019, by the three largest
Chinese network operators, according to the state-run news agency Xinhua.
China Mobile, China Unicom, and china telecom have already activated their
networks at an affordable cost of $ 18 per month and in less than five months
after they were issued 5g licenses. each of the network operators offered their
5g services across 50 Chinese
cities.
The USA.
·
Verizon. During 2019,
Verizon has launched mobile 5G services within 30 cities towards the end of 2019. In
the U.S, 5G was enabled even before a smartphone was available to the U.S.
consumers. This 5G service is at an extra cost of $10/month. Unlimited 5G Ultra
Wideband Mobile Hotspot is available with the Play More. An unlimited 5G Ultra
Wideband mobile hotspot means your smartphone becomes an ultra-fast and
reliable Wi-Fi connection for your other device. There are currently
three 5G-capable smartphones on the market namely Samsung's Galaxy
S10 5G, LG's V50 Thin Q 5G and Motorola’s Moto Z3
for Verizon with 5G.
·
Ericsson. Ericsson has already introduced some pre-commercial 5G
products to the market, including its 5G New Radio (NR), its global 5G
access and transport mechanism, and its 5G Core System. Ericsson recently
supplemented its 5G NR platform by introducing the Air 3246, a radio that
supports Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and Massive
Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO).
·
HPE. HPE in collaboration with 5G Lab Germany is working on 5G
wireless networks implementation.
·
Intel. Intel is the prime 5G vendor in development, its
5G Mobile Trial Platform (MTP), which will begin supporting the new
non-standalone NR standard by 2020. These trials make sure that the Radio
Access Network (RAN), and the device side successfully operate within the
initial NR standard. The MTP allows for quick interoperability testing, letting
operators attempt real-world situations earlier, and allow standards bodies to
collect data for final specs faster.
·
Nokia. Nokia has already demonstrated a 5G
network running on a commercial platform, using its 5G-ready Air Scale Radio
Access technology, working together with its Cloud Packet Core,
running on a Nokia AirFrame data centre platform. The demonstration showcased
the company’s progress in realizing the potential of 5G, and the creation of a
seamless fabric of dynamic networks serving a multi-connected world.
·
Qualcomm. Qualcomm recently announced its 5G NR mm-Wave prototype
system based on the 5G NR specifications being developed by 3GPP. The
system operates in millimetre wave (mm-Wave) spectrum bands above 24GHz.
South Korea.SK Telecom and
Korea Telecom (KT) are the main competitors for the South Korean 5G market. SK
Telecom acquired spectrum in the 3.5 GHz and 28 GHz frequencies to prepare for
deploying 5G. This enterprise had claimed in April of 2019 to be the
first mobile carrier in the world to launch 5G services to work on 5G
smartphones. SK Telecom asserted an edge over rival Verizon, as the former
launched 5G services available at the same time as Samsung Galaxy S10 5G the smartphone launched in South Korea.
United Kingdom: During 2019, four 5G service
providers EE, Vodafone UK, Three UK, and O2 UK launched commercial
deployments of 5G in the U.K. These operators are using equipment namely from
Ericsson, Nokia, and Huawei. O2 UK is an exception in that it’s not using
Huawei equipment, despite running 5G radio access network (RAN) tests
with it. Three UK has announced an unlimited data service that is speed-cap
free at no extra cost.
Germany: In 2019, Vodafone
Germany and Deutsche Telekom Germany launched 5G services in several cities.
Vodafone Germany started with 20 cities and municipalities (including Cologne
and Dusseldorf), while Deutsche Telekom Germany launched in only six (including
Berlin and Munich). Vodafone plans to offer 5G services for $5.61 less per
month than Deutsche Telekom.
Japan. Japan is et to accelerate
its 5 G implementation and get set for the 2020 Olympics. It
promises to provide 5G connectivity in Tokyo and few other select cities during
2020
Russia. They are
moving cautiously and their work will start in 2020 but get real
momentum in 2021
India. 5G services
in India are expected to be launched in 2021. However,
smartphones capable of delivering 5G speeds will be available
in India in early 2020. Korean handset maker Samsung and Chinese
players such as OnePlus, Huawei, Vivo, Oppo and Xiaomi have already made their 5G smartphone
launch plans for India.
Switzerland. The European
carrier Swisscom’s goal is to make Switzerland a 5G country with a
nationwide 5G New Radio (NR) Non-Standalone (NSA) network established
by 2020. The carrier is preceding its network launch with the sale of
5G-capable smartphones and subscriptions
Nordic Countries. In 2018, Denmark, Finland,
Iceland, Norway, and Sweden began a unique experiment of having toward being
countries with 5G by signing a letter of intent. The goal is to create a
unified approach to 5G deployment in each country to allow for an
interconnected 5G network throughout the region. The approaches listed
in the letter included encouraging new testing facilities,
coordinating 5G frequency bands across countries, removing obstacles to deployment
of 5G infrastructure, and keeping track of the development of 5G in areas
like transport and advanced automation.
5G superior to 4G. Low latency is a key
differentiator between 4G and 5G .5G is definitely smarter, faster and more
efficient technology than 4G. It promises mobile data speeds much faster than
current broadband network speed available to consumers. 5G is set to be 100 times faster than 4G. 5G
mobile device connection will be a replacement for your
cable modem and Wi-Fi. ,5G user will be able to download and upload files
quickly and easily without worrying about the sudden crashing of the network.
One could watch a video without having any buffering time problem as
5G will be able to fix bandwidth issues. 5G will be able to handle current
devices and emerging technologies such as driverless cars and connected home
products.
Job potential with 5 G Technology. 5G will
transform the working environment and lifestyle across the world by creating an ecosystem where everyone is connected to everything, all the time. It will
bring changes in how we live, work, travel, play, teach and learn new
skills. Definitely, there will be a loss of some
jobs but companies like Cisco, Intel, Qualcomm
and others electronic industries are set to offer new
jobs but requiring a new level of competency in new skill sets.
Economic
growth. The deployment of 5G-based wireless services for businesses
and consumers translate into large and sustained job growth for the U.S.
workforce. According to a recent Accenture report “
The wireless industry supports over 4.7 million jobs and contributes
about $475 billion a year to the U.S. Economy” U.S. wireless companies have
already started to invest an estimated $275 billion into building 5G
networks, an on-going effort that the Cellular Telecommunications Industry
Association (CTIA) believes will create three million jobs and
boost the gross domestic product by $500 billion, according to a second
Accenture study. The CTIA estimates that one out of every 100
Americans “will benefit from a new 5G job”. A similar transformation is expected in most of the emerging economies of the world,
Most of the job creation is coming from Wireless
operators and their infrastructure vendors. In the USA, some lead
companies like Verizon, AT&T, Sprint and T-Mobile are hiring 5G talent.
Ericsson, Cisco, Nokia, Spectrum, and Case Systems are also hiring to help
provide their service provider customers with the pieces needed to plan, test,
manage and drive 5G deployments. The below are excerpts from actual postings.
Skills requirement
for new 5 G related jobs. It has been predicted that over 20 billion connected devices
will be in use globally by 2020 and these devices will rely on 5G networks to
function properly. The Global Research and Analytical firm IHS
Markit has reported in 2019 that 5G could support 22 million jobs globally in
2035. Indeed implementation of 5G will come incrementally through
LTE Advanced and LTE Advanced Pro. There will be, huge demand for 5G ready RF SON engineers, small cells engineers,
SDN/NFV, cloud and IoT engineers and architects, orchestration engineers, 5G RF
antenna researchers, and 5G algorithm experts. 5G will also rely
heavily on fibre so there will be on-going demand for fibre skilled engineers
such as network engineers, architects, planners, service delivery managers,
project managers and programme managers. . Some of the commonly needed
skills are listed below :
·
Cloud-based technologies and virtualization.
·
Security skills. Protection against hacking of
internet-connected devices and gadgets.
·
Machine Learning (ML).Knowledge of Algorithms for Big Data is essential.
·
Competency in GPS development
and IoT-focused design. 5G could transform smart devices but, many of these,
including wearable and smart vehicles, are location-aware and use GPS
technology. According to analyst house ABI, GPS the market is predicted to be worth $3.5 billion in 2019.
·
AutoCAD design software and its equivalent design tools like
3D solid works, Solid edge could be a useful skill
·
Experience with
micro-controller programming, embedded software will be
useful Mobile Edge Computing,
·
Massive MIMO, NFV,
SDN,
·
Network Slicing, Mesh
Networks, and IoT”
·
Cisco or it's
equivalent certification from other leading companies like Microsoft, Google.
·
Scripting and learning
about open-source software
·
knowledge of the E2E
mobile core the solution, including EPC, PCRF, DRA, and other mobile core
functions.
5G Impact on
Industry and job potential. Due to the very high speed of data transfer and very large
bandwidth,5G will accelerate the progress in the
development of a number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices. 5G will
be able to efficiently handle a large amount of data generated by IoN
devices., On the plus side 5G promises new job opportunities across
many fields, it will also cause disruption to old processes and human-intensive
jobs in industries. AS per projection of Intel, 5G will transform
the industrial world to support, smart cities, smart agriculture, smart homes,
smart offices, smart industries, smart media using VR/AR
and health care and autonomous cars. It is expected to deliver data at 10
times less latency, 50 times more speed, and 1000 times more
capacity. Intel also estimated that total economic output by 2035
will be around $ 10 Trillion.
·
AR/VR.
The future of AR and VR depends on reliable 5G networks, according to the
report. These technologies require a less expensive, wider network with lower
latency to continue developing and reaching widespread adoption, as they
require massive amounts of data processing.
· Energy and utilities. 5G technologies could create more innovative solutions in
energy production, transmission, distribution, of power. Likewise,
it could also improve service/utilities like water and Cooking Gas.
· Financial Services. 5 G will accelerate the digitization of financial
institutes. This could start from Internal Operations of customer service.
Increased security and speed will allow the user to carry out their
transactions very speedily.
· Healthcare. In the healthcare industry, 5G could increase efficiencies and
revenue, helping health systems create faster, more efficient networks to keep
up with the large amounts of data involved. The technology could also enable
the use of remote monitoring devices to improve health outcomes.
· Insurance. 5G will help insurance agents make more effective decisions, as
they will have access to larger and more accurate data about the client
· Manufacturing, Manufacturing production operations will become more flexible
and efficient, It will also improve the safety of personnel and
equipment/machinery and consequently lower equipment/machinery maintenance
cost.
· Agriculture. As per Samsung's Alok Shah, VP of Networks
Strategy, " 5G will be able
to connect farms and farming equipment and sensors (
IoT) in various agriculture locations so that farmers can get much
more insight into how crops are doing and get much better yields out,"
·
Media and entertainment. 5G will bring about new opportunities in mobile
media, mobile advertising, home broadband, and TV, as well as interactive
technologies like VR and augmented reality (AR).
· Retail stores. With the availability of high-speed multi-media data
transfer using smartphones on 4 G/LTE, millions of customers find convenient to
do their shopping using smartphone at any time and from anywhere. With safe
Payment Gateways and fast delivery system, customers are having exiting
experience. The faster data speeds and a very large
bandwidth to carry very large multimedia traffic, 5G will provide
new retail experiences like virtual reality (VR) dressing rooms.
·
Transportation. Transportation systems ranging from public buses to private
logistic fleets will gain increased visibility and control thanks to 5G, the
report said. 5G will allow improved vehicle-to-vehicle communications, enabling
more self-driving car testing. These networks will also help cities gain access
to more data around their transportation systems.
Industry
expectations from 5G. Expectations are always more than the requirement.
·
1-10Gbps connections to endpoints in the field (i.e. not
theoretical maximum)
·
1 millisecond end-to-end round trip delay - latency
·
1000x bandwidth per unit area
·
10-100x number of connected devices
·
Perception of) 99.999% availability
·
Perception of 100% coverage with no dead zones
·
90% reduction in network energy usage
·
Up to ten-year battery life for low power, machine-type devices
Peak to Average Power Ratio ( PAPR). PAAR is the aspect of performance that needs to be considered for any 5G modulation scheme.
PAPR has a major impact on the efficiency of power amplifiers.
Therefore 5G modulation schemes should be the one that can reduce
the PAPR and thereby improve efficiency.
Spectral Efficiency. One
of the key issues with any form of 5G modulation scheme is the spectral
efficiency. With spectrum being at a premium, especially in frequencies below 3
GHz, it is essential that any modulation the scheme adopted for 5G is able to
provide a high level of spectral efficiency.
5G requirements
summary. Following sett of 5G requirements is gaining industry acceptance:
·
1-10Gbps connections to endpoints in the field (i.e. not theoretical
maximum)
·
1 millisecond end-to-end round trip delay - latency
·
1000x bandwidth per unit area
·
10-100x number of connected devices
·
Perception of 99.999% availability
·
Perception of 100% coverage
·
90% reduction in network energy usage
·
Up to ten-year battery life for low power, machine-type devices
5G Issues Involved. One of the key issues with the 5G requirements is that there are
many different interested parties involved, each wanting their own needs to be
met by the new 5G wireless system. Some basic
issues are briefly enumerated below:
·
Additional infrastructure .requirements. Existing
microwave towers and antennas cannot be used for 5G. It will take a lot of
investment by the government and mobile network operators to develop an
infrastructure and make it work. In
order for 5G to work effectively and profitably, 5G service providers are
required to install a much higher number of cell transmitters and
receivers which are, closer to the ground and closer to homes/workplaces. It's
a large investment and requires cell companies to be completely committed to
the technology, and it also means more negotiating with small towns and
municipalities who might not want so many smaller cell boxes polluting their
streets.
·
Security. 5G opens the door to a new
level of cyber threats particular for IoT environment where thousands
of devices may be interworking in autonomies mode, A hacker can play havoc by
blocking the backbone of network or feeding misinformation and let
the system to malfunction, Governments and mobile service provider must
ensure that they have Radio, Multiplexors, Modems and Data
Switches have the correct level of security in place before 5G can be
rolled out.
·
Complexity. Greater speed of 5 G comes
great complexity in terms of design and maintenance of hardware
equipment/devices.
·
More
equipment. Because
the millimetre wave used by 5G transfers information at short distances, more transmitters and base stations,
signal repeaters are required. This could result in prolonged deployment times
and spotty coverage, or no coverage in rural areas.
·
Atmospheric
Interference. 5G waves
are also more susceptible to and weather conditions like rain and snow.
·
Availability of 5g types of smartphones. Availability of 5G
types smartphones is limited to few models like galaxy 10 of Samsung, LG v50 thin q™ 5G and Motorola moto z with 5G. As in 2020 even the iPhone 11 of apple does not have 5 G
capability. The present cost of galaxy 10 is
$1299. However, as further development takes place many
more smartphone will appear in the market and cost will come down
·
The 5G radio system, known as 5G-NR, isn't compatible
with 4G. Initially, however, all 5G devices will need 4G capacity as well, as
they'll lean on the older networks to make connections when 5G isn't available
·
5G will also be more susceptible to atmospheric interference and
weather conditions like rain, snow or sand storms
·
As 5G uses millimetre wave (EHF), frequency band around – 60 GHz, it transfers information at short
distances requiring more transmitters and base stations as the signal
repeaters. This could result in prolonged deployment times, or limited coverage
in rural areas, mountainous or jungle areas.
However, 5G benefits
outweigh its few limitations in a big proportion. As reported by
Intel, productivity will increase to $250M by saving in computing hours, $570 B the gain in productivity gained from connected cars, $700B+ from
reduction in global healthcare cost by 2025., customer experience will
generate 78% of data traffic will be video by 2021 and a customer
could download an ultra HD movie in just 10 seconds.
During this
decade 2020-2030, our future communications systems will have multi-gigabit
download speeds and the capability to handle the millions of connected devices
as a part of the Internet of Things (IoT). The increased bandwidth will enable machines, robots, drones,
ships/ boats and autonomous vehicles to collect and transfer/share data at
greater reliability and super-fast speeds. As per Intel claims, when fully implemented, 5G technology
will deliver data at 10 times less latency,50 times more speed and 1000 time
more capacity. Indeed 5G will provide an altogether different
experience to the customers, users and researchers. While we all await large
scale commercial use of 5G staring in 2020, many leading industries and
organizations have already started incorporating appropriate changes in their
processes and deployment of matching hardware, software and knowledge workforce
resources. This will provide a quantum jump in supporting smart
agriculture, smart cities, smart homes, IoT and Smart Machinery. Let us all
get set to be part of this new technology which is already impacting our
lifestyle and work processes.
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